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2.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 55: e17481, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055310

ABSTRACT

Trichomonas vaginalis and Leishmania spp. are protozoal species responsible for millions of cases of parasitic diseases worldwide. Considering the potential of natural products and the need for more effective and less toxic alternatives to treat trichomoniasis and leishmaniasis, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of two series of triterpenes derivatives with different modifications at C-3 and C-28 positions of the ursolic acid (UA) and betulinic acid (BA) against trophozoites of Trichomonas vaginalis and promastigotes forms of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis. The compounds modified just at C-3 were the most active. The 3β-acetyl betulinic acid (1b) reduced the trophozoites viability of T. vaginalis at 74%, followed by the 3-oxo ursolic acid and 3-oxo betulinic acid (3a and 3b) compounds (55% of reduction). The compound 3β-isobutyl ursolic acid (7a) inhibited the viability of L. amazonensis promastigotes by 55%. Therefore, analyzing the structure-activity relationship and the data of literature, it is possible to suppose that the inclusion of polar groups in the skeletons could improve the antiprotozoal activity. Overall, further studies are necessary to develop triterpenic derivatives with more powerful trichomonicidal and leishmanicidal properties.

3.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774573

ABSTRACT

Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world. The diagnosis is based on wet mount preparation and direct microscopy on fixed and stained clinical specimens. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of different fixing and staining techniques used in the detection of T. vaginalis in urine. The smears were fixed and submitted to different methods of permanent staining and then, the morphological aspects of the parasites were analyzed and compared. The Papanicolaou staining with ethanol as the fixative solution showed to be the best method of permanent staining. Our data suggest that staining techniques in association with wet mount examination of fresh specimens contribute to increase the sensitivity in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Staining and Labeling/methods , Trichomonas Infections/diagnosis , Trichomonas vaginalis/isolation & purification , Culture Media , Sensitivity and Specificity , Trichomonas vaginalis/microbiology , Vaginal Smears
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(7): 877-883, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-764587

ABSTRACT

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoan that parasitises the urogenital human tract and causes trichomoniasis. During the infection, the acquisition of nutrients, such as iron and purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, is essential for the survival of the parasite. The enzymes for purinergic signalling, including adenosine deaminase (ADA), which degrades adenosine to inosine, have been characterised in T. vaginalis. In the evaluation of the ADA profile in different T. vaginalisisolates treated with different iron sources or with limited iron availability, a decrease in activity and an increase in ADA gene expression after iron limitation by 2,2-bipyridyl and ferrozine chelators were observed. This supported the hypothesis that iron can modulate the activity of the enzymes involved in purinergic signalling. Under bovine serum limitation conditions, no significant differences were observed. The results obtained in this study allow for the assessment of important aspects of ADA and contribute to a better understanding of the purinergic system in T. vaginalis and the role of iron in establishing infection and parasite survival.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Female , Humans , Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism , Iron Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Trichomonas vaginalis/drug effects , Trichomonas vaginalis/enzymology , Adenosine Deaminase/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Protozoan Proteins/genetics , Protozoan Proteins/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Trichomonas vaginalis/growth & development
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 110(2): 201-208, 04/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744468

ABSTRACT

Extracellular ATP may act as a danger signalling molecule, inducing inflammation and immune responses in infection sites. The ectonucleotidases NTPDase and ecto-5’-nucleotidase are enzymes that modulate extracellular nucleotide levels; these enzymes have been previously characterised in Trichomonas vaginalis. Iron plays an important role in the complex trichomonal pathogenesis. Herein, the effects of iron on growth, nucleotide hydrolysis and NTPDase gene expression in T. vaginalis isolates from female and male patients were evaluated. Iron from different sources sustained T. vaginalis growth. Importantly, iron from haemoglobin (HB) and haemin (HM) enhanced NTPDase activity in isolates from female patients and conversely reduced the enzyme activity in isolates from male patients. Iron treatments could not alter the NTPDase transcript levels in T. vaginalis. Furthermore, our results reveal a distinct ATP, ADP and AMP hydrolysis profile between isolates from female and male patients influenced by iron from HB and HM. Our data indicate the participation of NTPDase and ecto-5’-nucleotidase in the establishment of trichomonas infection through ATP degradation and adenosine production influenced by iron.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Alzheimer Disease/pathology , Complementary Therapies , Alzheimer Disease/therapy , Disease Progression , Feasibility Studies
6.
Sci. med ; 24(1): 73-78, jan-mar/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-729178

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Avaliar a atividade anti-Trichomonas vaginalis do extrato de folhas de videira (Vitis labrusca) provenientes de cultivo convencional e orgânico.Métodos: Extratos de folhas secas de videira, orgânico e convencional, foram elaborados com extrator Sohxlet. A composição fenólica total dos extratos foi avaliada por Folin-Cicoalteau e Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência. A atividade antiparasitária dos extratos foi realizada em cultura de T. vaginalis. Os testes foram realizados em três concentrações finais: 5, 10 e 20 mg/mL. Os trofozoítos foram contados em hemocitômetro e sua densidade foi ajustada em meio de cultura Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Maltose (TYM), de forma a se obter a concentração final de 1×105 trofozoítos/mL. Após incubação com os extratos por 24 horas a 37°C, foi feita a contagem dos trofozoítos com motilidade em hemocitômetro. Os controles do veículo foram realizados, adicionando-se água em substituição aos extratos.Resultados: O extrato de folhas convencionais é rico em catequina e os orgânicos, em resveratrol. Os extratos de V. labrusca não apresentaram atividade anti-T. vaginalis nas concentrações de 5 e 10 mg/mL. Entretanto na concentração de 20 mg/L, o extrato de folhas secas convencionais reduziu em 100% e o extrato orgânico em 48% a sobrevivência dos trofozoítos. Os polifenóis catequina, quercetina e rutina estavam em maior concentração no extrato com maior eficácia, os quais podem ser os responsáveis pela ação anti-T. vaginalis do extrato convencional.Conclusões: O extrato de folha de videira pode ser uma alternativa no combate a T. vaginalis. Estudos pré-clínicos e clínicos são necessários para comprovar eficácia e segurança desta intervenção...


AIMS: To evaluate the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of the extract of organic and conventional leaves of Vitis labrusca.METHODS: Organic and conventional grapevine leaf extracts were prepared with extractor Sohxlet. The total phenolic extracts were evaluated by Folin-Cicoalteau and High-Performace Liquid Chromatography. The antiparasitic activity of the extracts was performed on growth of T. vaginalis. Tests were conducted at three final concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL. The trophozoites were counted by hemocytometer and their density was adjusted in Trypticase-Yeast Extract-Maltose (TYM) growth environment in order to obtain a final concentration of 1x105 trophozoites/ml. After incubated with the extracts for 24 hours at 37 �C, the count of motile trophozoites was taken by hemocytometer. The vehicle controls were performed by substituting the extract by water.RESULTS: The conventional leaf extract is rich in catechin and the organic in resveratrol. The extracts of V. labrusca showed no anti-T.vaginalis activity at concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/mL. However in the concentration of 20 mg/L conventional grapevine leaf extracts reduced by 100% and the organic extract by 48% the survival of trophozoites. Catechin polyphenols, quercetin and rutin were in higher concentration in the extract with greater efficacy, which may be the responsible for the anti-T. vaginalis action of the conventional extract.CONCLUSIONS: The vine leaf extract may be an alternative to combat T. vaginalis. Pre-clinical and clinical studies are needed to confirm efficacy and safety of this intervention...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antitrichomonal Agents , Phenolic Compounds , Infections , Trichomonas vaginalis , Trichomonas Infections , Vitis
7.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 54(3): 119-122, May-June 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-625270

ABSTRACT

Disturbing data reveal the prevalence of intestinal parasites and their relationship with socio-environmental factors among Mbyá-Guarani Indians. The prevalence was determined by spontaneous sedimentation in water, centrifugation-floatation, and Kato-Katz. A socioeconomic questionnaire was submitted to each family. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 88.7%, and 45.5% were polyparasitized. There was 90.5% prevalence of enteric parasites in children (1-12- year-old), and 85% among 13-65-year-old individuals, indicating that both age groups are extensively parasitized. The parasite load was low to moderate for geohelminths and 75% of the families did not have latrine, thus the practice of defecation occurred outdoors. These findings suggest that the multiple intestinal parasitism in the Mbyá-Guarani community is high to the point of being the rule, and that it relates essentially to the traditional lifestyle and health habits. It is urgently necessary to implement the association of anti-parasitic treatment with sanitation improvement. This should be done simultaneously with health education activities for this population.


Dados preocupantes demonstram a prevalência de parasitos intestinais e sua relação com fatores socioambientais entre indígenas Mbyá-Guarani. A prevalência foi determinada pelas técnicas de sedimentação espontânea em água, centrífugo-flutuação e Kato-Katz. Para cada família, um questionário socioeconômico foi aplicado. A prevalência geral de parasitos intestinais foi de 88,7% e 45,5% estavam poliparasitados. A prevalência em crianças (1-12 anos) foi 90,5% e em indivíduos entre 13-65 anos foi 85%, indicando que ambas as faixas etárias são amplamente parasitadas. A carga parasitária foi baixa a moderada para geohelmintos e 75% das famílias não possuem banheiro, sendo a prática da defecação feita ao ar livre. Estes achados sugerem que o poliparasitismo intestinal na comunidade Mbyá-Guarani é altíssimo, a ponto de ser a regra, e que se refere essencialmente ao estilo de vida tradicional e hábitos de saúde. Há a necessidade de aplicar urgentemente a associação de tratamento antiparasitário às melhorias sanitárias. Isto deve ser feito simultaneamente com atividades de educação em saúde para esta população.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Indians, South American/statistics & numerical data , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Sanitation/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Feces/parasitology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Parasite Egg Count , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index
8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 107(2): 170-177, Mar. 2012. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-617061

ABSTRACT

Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite of the human urogenital tract that causes trichomonosis, the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) family members, which hydrolyse extracellular ATP and ADP and ecto-5′-nucleotidase, which hydrolyses AMP, have been characterised in T. vaginalis. For trichomonad culture, the growth medium is supplemented with 10 percent serum, which is an important source of nutrients, such as adenosine. Here, we investigated the ATP metabolism of T. vaginalis trophozoites from long-term cultures and clinical isolates under limited bovine serum conditions (1 percent serum). The specific enzymatic activities were expressed as nmol inorganic phosphate (Pi) released/min/mg protein, the gene expression patterns were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, the extracellular adenine nucleotide hydrolysis was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography and the cell cycle analysis was assessed by flow cytometry. Serum limitation led to the profound activation of NTPDase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase activities. Furthermore, the levels of NTPDase A and B transcripts increased and extracellular ATP metabolism was activated, which led to enhanced ATP hydrolysis and the formation of ADP and AMP. Moreover, the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 stage, which suggested adenosine uptake. Our data suggest that under conditions of serum limitation, NTPDase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase play a role in providing the adenosine required for T. vaginalis growth and that this process contributes to the establishment of parasitism.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Female , Humans , /metabolism , Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism , Antigens, CD/metabolism , Apyrase/metabolism , Trichomonas vaginalis/enzymology , Cell Cycle , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Flow Cytometry , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
9.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-647310

ABSTRACT

Entamoeba histolytica e Giardia lamblia são protozoários que podem parasitar a mucosa intestinal, causando principalmente diarreia. Trichomonas vaginalis coloniza a mucosa vaginal causando tricomonose, a doença sexualmente transmissível não viral mais comum no mundo. Embora coletivamente estes parasitos infectem mais de um bilhão de pessoas a cada ano, seus mecanismos de patogenicidade ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Assim, esta revisão reúne os principais mecanismos envolvidos na patogenicidade destes protozoários, bem como os fatores do microambiente que podem interferir no sucesso da colonização. A patogênese da E. histolytica envolve adesão, lise, fagocitose de células epiteliais e bactérias, invasão tecidual por ação de enzimas e evasão da resposta imune do hospedeiro. A lectina Gal/GalNAc, os amebaporos e as cisteína proteases são as principais moléculas envolvidas nesses processos. O estabelecimento da giardiose depende de diversos mecanismos patogênicos e de virulência desenvolvidos pela G. lamblia, tais como as moléculas envolvidas na adesão, encistamento e variação antigênica. Para o sucesso da colonização da mucosa vaginal, o T. vaginalis expressa moléculas como as adesinas de superfície, lipofosfoglicanos e galectina, envolvidas na adesão às células epiteliais vaginais e alteração da expressão gênica, tanto do parasito como do hospedeiro.


Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia are protozoans that may parasitize the intestinal mucosa, mainly causing diarrhea. Trichomonas vaginalis colonizes the vaginal mucosa causing trichomonosis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease in the world. Although collectively these parasites infect over a billion people each year, their pathogenic mechanisms have not been completely understood so far. Hence, this review of the literature demonstrates the main mechanisms involved in the pathogenicity of these protozoans, as well as the microenvironmental factors that can interfere with successful colonization. The pathogenesis of E. histolytica involves adhesion, lysis, phagocytosis of epithelial cells and bacteria, tissue invasion by enzymatic action, and evasion of host immune response. Lectin Gal/GalNac, amoebapores, and cysteine proteases are the main molecules involved in these processes. The establishment of giardiosis depends on several pathogenic mechanisms and virulence developed by G. lamblia, such as molecules involved in adhesion, encystation and antigenic variation. For successful colonization of vaginal mucosa, T. vaginalis express molecules like adhesins on the surface and galectin and lipophosphoglycan, involved in the adherence to vaginal epithelial cells and altered gene expression of both the parasite and the host.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Entamoeba histolytica/pathogenicity , Giardia lamblia/pathogenicity , Trichomonas vaginalis/pathogenicity , Host-Parasite Interactions , Virulence Factors
10.
Clin. biomed. res ; 31(1): 39-45, 2011. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-982649

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A giardiose é uma das enteroparasitoses mais prevalentes no nosso meio e acarreta morbidade de indivíduos e dispêndio de recursos pecuniários. O diagnóstico laboratorial da giardiose é essencial, sendo o exame parasitológico de amostras fecais por microscopia o padrão ouro, a despeito do surgimento de técnicas alternativas. Dada a possível diferença de sensibilidade empregando técnicas de concentração distintas, torna-se necessário uma comparação entre as mesmas. Objetivos: Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar duas técnicas amplamente utilizadas para o diagnóstico da giardiose e, concomitantemente, caracterizar a população do estudo e avaliar a ocorrência de co-parasitoses. Métodos: As amostras foram coletadas no período de março a maio de 2010 (N =163), sendo provenientes de usuários do Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Prof. Rubens Dantas (LAC, Farmácia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre). As técnicas de concentração das amostras fecais empregadas para o diagnóstico foram a de sedimentação espontânea em água (HPJ) e a centrífugo- flutuação em solução de sulfato de zinco (Faust). Aplicou-se um questionário aos usuários do laboratório para melhor caracterização da população estudada. Resultados: A prevalência total de enteroparasitoses e de giardiose na população estudada foi, respectivamente, de 22,9% e de 10,7% empregando as duas técnicas de concentração. A giardiose foi mais pronunciada em crianças e idosos, principalmente, do gênero masculino. A técnica de Faust (N =11) apresentou maior sensibilidade quando comparada a técnica de HPJ (N =6). Conclusão: A técnica de Faust foi mais sensível para observação de cistos de Giardia lamblia podendo ser uma técnica complementar ao HPJ no diagnóstico deste protozoário.


Background: Giardiosis is one of the most prevalent enteric parasitic diseases in our environment and causes of morbidity and medical costs. The laboratory diagnosis of giardiosis is essential. The parasitological examination of fecal samples using microscopy is the gold standard method of diagnosis, despite of the emergence of alternative techniques. Different diagnostic methods must be compared because of the possible variation in sensitivity using different concentration techniques. Aim: The objectives of this study were to compare the two techniques widely used for diagnosis of giardiosis and, concomitantly, characterize the study population and evaluate the co-occurrence of parasitic diseases. Methods: The samples were collected between March and May 2010 (N =163) from Laboratório de Análises Clínicas Prof. Rubens Dantas (LAC, School of Pharmacy, UFRGS, Porto Alegre). The concentration techniques of fecal samples for diagnosis were spontaneous sedimentation in water (HPJ) and the zinc sulfate centrifugal-flotation (Faust). A questionnaire was completed by the users of the laboratory to better characterize the study population. Results: The prevalence of enteric parasitic diseases and giardiosis in the study population was, respectively, 22.9% and 10.7% using both techniques of concentration. Giardiosis was more pronounced in children and elderly, especially males. The Faust technique (N =11) showed higher sensitivity when compared to the HPJ technique (N =6). Conclusion: The Faust technique was more sensitive to the observation of Giardia lamblia and may be a complementary technique to HPJ.


Subject(s)
Humans , Giardia lamblia/isolation & purification , Giardiasis/diagnosis , Feces/parasitology , Sensitivity and Specificity
11.
Rev. patol. trop ; 39(1): 21-32, jan.-mar. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560296

ABSTRACT

Giardia lamblia é um protozoário parasito do intestino delgado, agente etiológico da giardiose, o qual apresenta um complexo citoesqueleto composto por microtúbulos. Neste estudo, a distribuição dos microtúbulos no citoesqueleto de trofozoítos e cistos de G. lamblia foi investigada por meio de um taxóide fluorescente, o FLUTAX-2 - um derivado do Taxol que se liga aos dímeros polimerizados de alfabeta-tubulina. O efeito do metronidazol sobre o citoesqueleto do organismo também foi avaliado. FLUTAX-2 foi capaz de se ligar aos microtúbulos de trofozoítos e cistos de G. lamblia, tornando possível a visualização de estruturas do citoesqueleto do microrganismo, como flagelos, funis e disco adesivo. Além disso, FLUTAX-2 marcou os trofozoitos cultivados por diferentes períodos, revelando que o intervalo de 48 horas é o melhor tempo de cultivo. A incubação dos parasitos na presença de metronidazol não demonstrou alteração significativa na marcação microtubular por FLUTAX-2. Nosso grupo já apresentou a marcação pelo FLUTAX-2 em outros protozoários, Trichomonas vaginalis, T. gallinae e Tritrichomonas foetus, e este é o primeiro trabalho a revelar o perfil de ligação em G. lamblia. Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento de aspectos biológicos e morfológicos do parasito e sugerem perspectivas para o diagnóstico laboratorial da giardiose.


G. lamblia is a protozoan parasite of the small intestine and the etiologic agent ofgiardiosis, which presents a complex cytoskeleton composed of microtubules. In this study, the microtubule cytoskeleton was labeled in trophozoites and cysts of G. lamblia, using a fluorescent taxoid (FLUTAX-2), a derivative of Taxol, which binds to áâ-tubulin dimer polymerized. In addition, the effect of metronidazole on the cytoskeleton of the parasite was also evaluated. FLUTAX-2 was able to labelthe microtubules of trophozoites and cysts, allowing the observation of cytoskeletal structures, such as flagella, funis, adhesive disk, and median body. Moreover, FLUTAX-2 labeled the trophozoites from several different cultivation times, revealing the 48 hours as the best incubation period. The incubation of parasites in presence of metronidazole did not show significant alteration on the microtubulelabeling by FLUTAX-2. We have shown the FLUTAX-2 labeling in other protozoa,Trichomonas vaginalis, T. gallinae and Tritrichomonas foetus, and this is the first report revealing the binding profile in G. lamblia. Our results contribute to the knowledge of biological and morphological features of this intestinal pathogen. Furthermore, our data showed no modification of microtubule profile labeling in presence of metronidazole. Finally, a new perspective for giardiosis diagnosticis suggested, since trophozoites and cysts of G. lamblia were labeled withFLUTAX-2.


Subject(s)
Cytoskeleton , Giardia lamblia , Metronidazole/adverse effects , Taxoids
12.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 44(2): 137-145, 2007. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-486877

ABSTRACT

O parasitismo gastrintestinal é uma das principais causas de doenças em animais domésticos. Para o estudo da prevalência de enteroparasitos foram utilizadas amostras fecais de animais de diferentes áreas da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, as quais foram enviadas ao Laborvet (Laboratório Veterinário Ltda), durante o período de janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2004. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de parasitos gastrintestinais em cães e gatos, submetidos aos cuidados de médicos veterinários. Em 1761 amostras examinadas, 1473 (83,6%) eram de cães e 288 (16,4%) de gatos. Resultados positivos, nos quais foram encontrados pelo menos um parasito, foram de 26,6% (392) para amostras de cães e 20,5% (59) para as de gatos. Em ambos hospedeiros, Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp., Isospora spp. e Giardia spp. foram os parasitos mais encontrados. Animais de 0 a 6 meses obtiveram uma alta infecção por parasitos intestinais com 39,5% para cães e 29,5% para gatos. Isospora spp. e Toxocara spp. foram os parasitos mais diagnosticados. O verão foi a estação que apresentou a maior prevalência de parasitos com 30% para cães e 27,6% para gatos. Quando comparou-se o monoparasitismo com o poliparasitismo, a presença de um único parasito foi mais freqüente em cães e gatos (23,8% e 19,4% respectivamente). Nosso estudo demonstrou a prevalência de parasitos intestinais causadores de zoonoses presentes em cães e gatos. É essencial manter animais domésticos sob cuidados do médico veterinário para evitar infecções por parasitos intestinais entre animais de estimação e o homem.


Intestinal parasitism is an important cause of disease in pets. Fecal samples from pets from different neighborhoods in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were used to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites. These samples were sent to Laborvet (Veterinary Laboratory) on the period of January, 2002 through December, 2004. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats under veterinary care. The total amount of examined samples was 1,761, being 1,473 (83.6%) from dogs and 288 (16.4%) from cats. Positive results with the presence of at least one parasite corresponded to 26.6% (392) for dog samples and to 20.5% (59) for cat samples. In both hosts, Ancylostoma spp., Toxocara spp., Isospora spp. and Giardia spp. were the more frequent parasites. Animals that were zero to six months-old showed high intestinal parasite infection, revealing the rates of 39.5% for dogs and 29.5% for cats. Highest infection rates were diagnosed for Isospora spp. and Toxocara spp. Summer was the season, with the highest prevalence rate, with 30% of infected dogs and 27.6% of infected cats. When monoparasitism was compared to poliparasitism, the presence of a single parasite species was more frequent in dogs and cats (23.8% and 19.4%, respectively). Importantly, our findings showed the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and cats that cause zoonotic diseases. It is essential to keep domestic animals under veterinary care to avoid the spread of intestinal parasite infections among pets and humans.


Subject(s)
Ancylostoma/isolation & purification , Cats , Dogs , Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology , Giardia/isolation & purification , Isospora/isolation & purification , Parasites/isolation & purification , Toxocara/isolation & purification , Feces/parasitology
13.
J. bras. patol. med. lab ; 40(3): 152-160, maio-jun. 2004.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-362182

ABSTRACT

Trichomonas vaginalis é o agente etiológico da tricomoníase, a doença sexualmente transmissível (DST) não-viral mais comum no mundo. Esse protozoário flagelado atinge o parasitismo com sucesso em um ambiente hostil através dos vários mecanismos pelos quais estabelece sua patogenicidade e também por sua capacidade de evadir a resposta imune do hospedeiro. A infecção apresenta uma ampla variedade de manifestações clínicas, desde quadro assintomático até severa vaginite. A tricomoníase tem sido associada à transmissão do vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), à doença inflamatória pélvica, ao câncer cervical, à infertilidade, ao parto prematuro e ao baixo peso de bebês nascidos de mães infectadas. A investigação laboratorial é essencial na diagnose dessa patogenia, uma vez que leva ao tratamento apropriado e facilita o controle da propagação da infecção. A prevalência mundial anual da tricomoníase é de 180 milhões de casos, e na Europa é responsável por 41 por cento dos casos de vaginite. A terapia da tricomoníase inclui as mesmas medidas profiláticas destinadas às outras DSTs, como prática de sexo seguro e uso de preservativos. O metronidazol é o medicamento de escolha no tratamento da tricomoníase, entretanto, devido à ineficácia dos tratamentos de dose única e ao iminente surgimento de cepas resistentes, outras alternativas terapêuticas estão sendo investigadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Metronidazole/therapeutic use , Trichomonas Vaginitis/diagnosis , Trichomonas Vaginitis/drug therapy , Trichomonas Vaginitis/transmission , Infertility , Pregnancy , Trichomonas Vaginitis/complications
14.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 36(1): 19-21, 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-543692

ABSTRACT

Estudos sobre a entrongiloidiase em paises em desenvolvimento sao relativamente raros quando comparados aos inqueritos epidemiologicos de outros helmintos transmitidos pelo solo. Esta observação fundamenta-se na rara ocorrência de Strongiloides stercoralis nestes paises quando comparada com a ascaridiase, tricuriase e ancilostomiase. Neste inquerito coproparasitologico as amostras fecais foram submetidas a tecnica da sedimentaçao espontanea (Hoffman, Pons e Janer) e ao metodo de Baermann-Moraes. Pelos dados obtidos das 439 amostras examinadas, 67,9 por cento (298) apresentaram resultados positivos e 32,1 por cento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Middle Aged , Helminths , Parasitic Diseases
15.
Parasitol. latinoam ; 58(3/4): 101-105, jul. 2003. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-383486

ABSTRACT

Tetratrichomonas didelphidis is a flagellated protozoan found in the intestine of opossums. The specimens were stained by the Giemsa method and by FLUTAX-2, an active fluorescent derivative of Taxol which binds to the ab-tubulin polimerized of microtubules of cells. Giemsa stain revealed the morphological features of trichomonads such as four anterior flagella, undulating membrane, axostyle and posterior flagellum. An intense fluorescence was observed in living trophozoites of T. didelphidis and Trichomonas vaginalis (used as control), incubated with FLUTAX-2. An analysis of the composition of the cytoskeleton of T. didelphidis will contribute to understanding the cellular morphology of the parasites. Key words: Tetratrichomonas didelphidis, microtubule cytoskeleton, fluorescent taxoid.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cytoskeleton , Fluorescent Dyes , In Vitro Techniques , Microtubules/ultrastructure , Trichomonas , Opossums , Trichomonas vaginalis
16.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 98(2): 273-276, Mar. 15, 2003. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-334267

ABSTRACT

Several diagnostic techniques have been employed for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. Microtubules constitute the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells and are sensitive to antimitotic drugs, such as Taxol (paclitaxel). We used FLUTAX a fluorescent taxoid - to analyze the microtubule distribution in living trophozoites of T. vaginalis in urine and in vaginal discharge. A high intensity of fluorescence was observed in living T. vaginalis, epithelial cells and leukocytes present in urine and vaginal discharge. Our preliminary results show the perspective of a new diagnostic technique for trichomonosis and will contribute to the understanding of the cytoskeleton of T. vaginalis


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Female , Cytoskeleton , Fluorescent Dyes , Paclitaxel , Trichomonas vaginalis , Trichomonas Vaginitis , Centrosome , Flagella , Microscopy, Fluorescence , Microtubules , Urine , Vaginal Discharge
17.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 35(4): 215-217, 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-497509

ABSTRACT

Realizou-se um trabalho integrado de pesquisa e extensão comunitária com o objetivo de determinar a prevalência das enteroparasitoses na vila Fátima (Mato Sampaio), Campo da Tuca e Vila dos Papeleiros, vilas periféricas de Porto Alegre. este estudo foi realizado durante os anos de 1999 e 2002 em uma população de 594 pessoas, todas residentes nestas vilas. As amostras fecais foram examinadas pela técnica de Hoffman, Pons e Janer. O maior percentual geral de infecção obtido para nematóides foi de 39,5% (235) para Ascaris lumbricoides e, entre os protozoários, a Giardia lamblia com 18,0% (107). As altas taxas de enteroparasitoses entre crianças e adultos jovens moradores destas vilas mostrou o baixo nível sócio-econômico, a falta de escolaridade e a inexistência de saneamento básico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic , Prevalence , Public Facilities , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data
18.
Parasitol. latinoam ; 57(1/2): 5-8, ene.-jun. 2002. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-317507

ABSTRACT

Shape variations of strains of Trichomonas vaginalis were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) following inoculation on McCoy cell monolayers and after interaction with human erythrocytes. The parasites adhered to both cells and presented amoeboid forms, with pseudopodia-like extensions. Several amoeboid organisms swam freely over the cell monolayers and produced aggregates. These unusual forms of the urogenital flagellate may be a response to the composition of the culture medium and may play an important role in the pathogenic process of T. vaginalis


Subject(s)
In Vitro Techniques , Trichomonas vaginalis , Culture Techniques , Erythrocytes , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Trichomonas vaginalis
19.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 34(3): 167-168, 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-346058

ABSTRACT

A prevalência de oocistos de Cryptosporidium parvum foi determinada em amostras fecais de 25 sidéticos de ambos os sexos com gastroenterite, durante o período de abril a maio de 2002 no Centro de Saúde Vila dos Comerciários em Porto Alegre, RS. Os oocistos foram detectados pela coloraçäo da safranina modificada a quente. Pelos dados observados das 25 amostras estudadas, 16 porcento (4) apresentaram resultados positivos e 84 porcento (21) foram negativas para a pesquisa de oocistos. No que se refere à ocorrência de oocistos de C. parvum, em relaçäo ao sexo, foi verificado que os maiores percentuais de infecçäo foram obtidos entre as pacientes do sexo feminino 12 porcento (3), enquanto que entre os sidéticos do sexo masculino o índice de infecçäo foi igual a 4 porcento (1).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cryptosporidium parvum , Feces , Protozoan Infections/diagnosis , Oocytes , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Gastroenteritis , Prevalence
20.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 96(2): 265-71, Feb. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-281578

ABSTRACT

Tetratrichomonas didelphidis (Hegner & Ratcliffe, 1927) Andersen & Reilly, 1965 is a flagellate protozoan found in the intestine, cecum, and colon of Didelphis marsupialis. The parasitic protozoa used in this study was found and isolated in the intestine of opossums in Pavlova starch-containing medium in Florianópolis, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from D. marsupialis and Lutreolina crassicaudata. The strains were cultivated in Diamond medium without maltose and with starch solution, pH 7.5 at 28§ C. The specimens were stained by the Giemsa method and Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin. The light microscopy study of the trophozoites revealed the same morphologic characteristics as specimens previously described


Subject(s)
Animals , Opossums/parasitology , Trichomonas/isolation & purification , Azure Stains , Intestines/parasitology , Trichomonas/classification , Trichomonas/ultrastructure
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